Ethiopia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ethiopia, officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa.
It is bordered by Eritrea to the north and northeast, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south.
With over 93,000,000 inhabitants, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world, as well as the second-most populated nation on the African continent.
It occupies a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres (420,000 sq mi), and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa.
Some of the oldest evidence for modern humans is found in Ethiopia, which is widely considered the region from which Homo sapiens first set out for the Middle East and points beyond.
Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BC, Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history.
Alongside Rome, Persia, China and India, the Kingdom of Aksum was one of the great world powers of the 3rd century.
In the 4th century, it was the first major empire in the world to officially adopt Christianity as a state religion.
Ethiopia derived prestige for its uniquely successful military resistance during the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa, and subsequently many African nations adopted the colors of Ethiopia's flag following their independence.
Ethiopia was the only African country to defeat a European colonial power and retain its sovereignty as an independent country.
It was the first independent African member of the 20th-century League of Nations and the UN.
In 1974, at the end of Haile Selassie I's reign, power fell to a communist military junta known as the Derg, backed by the Soviet Union, until it was defeated by the EPRDF, which has ruled since about the time of the collapse of the USSR in 1991.
Ethiopia is a multilingual society with around 80 ethnic groups, with the two largest being the Oromo and the Amhara.
It is the origin of the coffee bean.
Ethiopia is a land of natural contrasts; with its vast fertile West, jungles, and numerous rivers, the World's hottest settlement in its north, Africa's largest continuous mountain ranges and the largest cave in Africa at Sof Omar.
Ethiopia has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa.
Ethiopia's ancient Ge'ez script, also known as Ethiopic, is one of the oldest alphabets still in use in the world.
The Ethiopian calendar, which is seven years and about three months behind the Gregorian calendar, co-exists alongside the Oromo calendar.
The majority of the population is Christian and a third is Muslim.
The country is the site of the first Hijra in Islamic history and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash.
A substantial population of Ethiopian Jews, known as Beta Israel, resided in Ethiopia until the 1980s but most of them have since gradually emigrated to Israel.
Ethiopia is also the spiritual homeland of the Rastafari movement, which globalized its flag colors worldwide via pop culture and Reggae music.
Ethiopia is one of the founding members of the UN, the Group of 24 (G-24), the Non-Aligned Movement, G-77 and the Organisation of African Unity, with Addis Ababa serving as the headquarters of the African Union, the Pan African Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the UNECA, African Aviation Training HQ, the African Standby Force and much of global NGOs focused on Africa.
Despite being the main source of the Nile, the longest river on earth, Ethiopia underwent a series of famines in the 1980s, exacerbated by civil wars and adverse geopolitics.
The country has begun to recover recently, and it now has the largest economy by GDP in East Africa and Central Africa.
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Anthem: March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia
Capital and largest city:
Addis Ababa (9°1′N 38°45′E)
Official languages:
Amharic
Recognised regional languages:
Other languages official among Ethiopia's various ethnicities and their respective regions
Ethnic groups (2012):
• 34.5% Oromo
• 26.9% Amhara
• 6.2% Somali
• 6.1% Tigray
• 4.0% Sidama
• 2.5% Gurage
• 2.3% Welayta
• 1.7% Hadiya
• 1.7% Afar
• 1.5% Gamo
• 1.3% Gedeo
• 11.3% others
Demonym: Ethiopian
Government:
Federal parliamentary republic
• President:
• Prime Minister:
Legislature: Federal Parliamentary Assembly
• Upper house: House of Federation
• Lower house: House of Peoples' Representatives
Formation
Dʿmt:
c. 980 BC
Kingdom of Aksum:
c. 100 AD
Empire of Ethiopia:
1137
Current constitution:
August 1995
Area:
• Total: 1,104,300 km2 (27th) - 426,371 sq mi
• Water (%): 0.7
Population: 2013 estimate 93,877,025 (14th) - 2007 census 73,750,932
Density: 82.58/km2 (123rd) - 213.89/sq mi
GDP (PPP): 2012 estimate
• Total: $109 billion
• Per capita: $1,300
Currency: Birr (ETB)
Time zone:
EAT (UTC+3) - Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+3)
Drives on the right
Calling code: +251
ISO 3166 code: ET
Internet TLD: .et